Moving-picture apparatus.



IVI. C. HOPKINS.A

MOVING PICTURE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15.1912. 1.204371.

Patented Nov. I4, 1916.

5 SHEEIS-SHEET I.

. M III F Il M" WJ.

IVI. C. HOPKINS.

MOVING PICTURE APPARATUS.

APPucATloN H11-:D 1uLY15.1912.

1,204,771 Patented Nov. 11, 1916.

5 SHEElS-SHEET 2.

- Snow/1 tof,

' IVI. C. HOPKINS.

MOVING PICTURE APPARATUS.

APPLICAUON 1|LED1111Y15,1912.

1 ,204,771 Patented Nov. 14, 1916.

5 SHhtlS-SHEET 3.

www1-M @www No: fvwamto'c 3513 Gttoznms IVI. C. HOPKINS.

MOVING PICTURE APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED 1uLY15.1912.

Patented N 0V. 14, 1916.

5 ShEETS-SHEET 4.

nvamtoz NI. C.,HOPKINS.

MOVING PICTURE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JLILY 15. 1912.

`1,201,771 l y Patented 11011111916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

101 Sip avenue, Jersey City,

UNTTED sTATEs PATENT oEErCE.

MARCUS c. HOPKINS, 0E JERSEY CI'IY,` NEW JERSEY.

MOVING-PICTURE APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

p, Application led .TulaP 15, i912. Serial No. 709,546.

To @ZZ 'whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, MARCUS C. HOPKINS, a citizen of the United States,residing at No.

county of Hudson, and State'of New Jersey, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Moving-Picture Apparatus; and l do hereby declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

The invention is directed to the production' of apparatus whereby movingpictures may be projected upon a screen from a continuously anduniformly moving film without an interception of the projecting light bya shutter or like device, and whereby a complete and uniformlyilluminated picture may at all times be presented upon the screen.

The invention. also contemplates such an arrangement of the apparatusthat the mavi- A mum amount of available light is. constantly utilizedfor the illumination of the projected picture.

ll/iy improvement is directed to the perfection of apparatus of the kindproposed in yBritish Patent No. 7650 of 1901 granted to A. V. E.Daubresse wherein a polygonal transparent body is rotated between themoving hlm and the objective oi the projection lantern, but unlike theapparatus shown and described in said patent, l employ only light whichis substantially parallel and combine with the rotating polygonal bodymeans whereby the light rays are rendered substantially parallel beforepassing through the moving iilm and rotating body. This 'departure :tromthe method of operation described and apparatus shown by Daubresse hasmade it possible to project at all positions oi the film and rotatingpolygonal body l a complete uniformly illuminated picture upon thescreen which eliminates what is commonly known as the flicker in shuttermachines, which :dicker is still present throughout the top and bottomportions of the picture obtained in the manner described? by Daubresse.

The several features of the invention are hereinafter specically ointedout" in connection with the description of the ap ended drawings whichillustrate embo ents thereof in apparatus designed for actual use thearrangement vwill be a considerable period during which a Eatented Nov14, 19,16.

in the production of uniformly and continuously illuminated movingpictures.` Y

In the drawings, Figure l is a section in velevation on line 1--1v ofFig. 2, of an embodiment of the invention in which two polygonalrefracting bodies of low refractive index are employed to produce acontinuous uniformly illuminated picture and utilize all of theavailable light for projection. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of thesame machine taken on line 2 2 of Figs. .k1 and 3. Fig. 3 is across-section taken on lines 3 3 of Figs. l and 2. Fig. 4 is a detail ofthe ilm feeding sprocket and its adjustable framing gear employed in themachine. Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive, are diagrammatic elevationsillustrating the direction taken by the projected light in passingthrough the refracting bodies of the machine. Fig. 9 is a diagrammaticview of the condenser system and paralleling lens employed. Fig. l() isa cross-section showing the emergency shutter mechanism and Fig. ll is adetail showing one arrangement of the color films' on the faces oie thepolygonal refracting body inter- Jpppd between the, condenser and thepicture The illustrated embodiment of the invention shows the use of tworeracting bodies made oa medium having a comparatively low refractiveindex, such as ordinary low index optical glass, the peripheral planesof the refracting bodies being longer than the distance between likepoints in adjacent pictures upon the picture iilms when the propercorrelation or the refractive index, the size of the reiracting body andthe Iilm is brought about. The use of a reiiracting body of such a sizeintroduces a problem into of the device in that there face of thereracting body will present an unbroken picture to the objective, whichwould ordinarily require a iield of projecting light being passedthrough one cornplete picture on the hlm during this period and wouldnecessitate a iield of light having a diameter equal to the height ofthe picture plus the distance traveled by the lm during this time. itthen the area of vthe eld of light were suiicient to supply illuminationduring this movement of the picture, the preceding and followingpictures would, during a portion of the time, be also illumi-` nated andvwould present to the objective lens, an overlapping of light throughoutportions of the projected picture which would destroythe uniformity`ofits illumi-` m refractive index by causing the li ht to be deliectedupon the correct parts o the picture, and have accomplished this byutilizing two of the refracting bodies'as shown in the preferredembodiment of the invention illus.- trated in the drawings. Referring toFigs. 1,2, 3 and 4, a driving shaft D is mounted in bearings B in acast' frame C and is revolved by a crank vD. A

idler Iear d running on a stud Gr and a Wideaced gear d splined to andlongitudinally movable upon a feed-sprocket shaft H. The idler gear clmeshes and drives a gear dm. fast on a shaft I. All of the gears arespiral toothed spur gears and run noiselessly and smoothly and,.owing tothis spiral cut of the teeth, the longitudinal movement of thewide-faced ear d on'the vsplined feed-sprocket shaft will change thevangular relation of the shaft H to Vthe 4other gears of thetrain. Thelarge gear al drives the 35 gears alk and da vat double and the gear d"at four times' its own speed. The shafts Exandl rotate in A'opposite'directions and are provided with similar octagonally re-v cesse'd'faceplates e and c' in which are respectively seated ther octagonal glass.drums 40 A and A.- vThe glass drums A and A are held in their respectiveface plates by ointedscrews e and f which are threa ed in" brackets eand on the casting C and bear against centered Adiskse" and 71 which inturn press -against soft rubber disks e and "y next to the drums andretain them in the face plates.' The glass drums A and f-A are set insuch relative positions that their faces will beparallel when1 oppositeand their axes will' be intercepted by the o tical axis ofthe condensersystem and Y t e objective lens.

A film sprocket F is mounted-fast onvthe 55 shaft'H and it willbe seenthat this sprocketl .will feed the film' between the ref racting bodiesA and A at a speed which will present one picture to each face of thesebodies. As

- r there are usually four perforations foreach picture in the aim 'anda is not likely that the film will always be'engaged with lthe 1sprocket infa correct position to frame,vthe wide-facedl gear d" isembraced by a yoke K, providedy withv a rack lc meshing with a l vpinion la which may be turned to move the picture.

large gear d'fast on that end of the driving shaft D opposite the crankD meshes with; vand drives a gear d fast yon a shat E, an

s iral toothed widefaced igear cZ" longituinall on the splined shaft H,chan 'ng the re ative positions of the sprocket an reracting bodies andaccurately framing the The lm'F is Aled from a magazine M next to an aertured guide m against which itis presse by a'spring pressed door m.'It is engaged by the sprocket F against which itis ressed byawithdrawable spring pressed id er f and then enters the lower magazineM', the spindleo whichgis in-v tended to be driven from shaft D by achain through the lusual yielding friction clutch. j

vA governor '0 driven byspiral gearing o, `o from the shaft l moves adispersive Y, emergency shutter S out of the path of the light whenI themachine is running.V This shutteris preferably made of opal glass orother like translucent material which disperses the light and preventsits concentration on the film, while itstill allows the mechanism to beilluminated to facilitatev the adjustment of the' lm. v A. dispersinglens ma be used in the shutter in place of Vdownwardly between therefracting bodies the opa glass. While the emergency shutter efiectuallyprevents the ignition of the film by dispersing the concentrated rays.

when working properly, l have provided flaring tops ttupon the door fm.and the.

guide m whic will defiect the flame from a burning position of the filminV the pro'ecting aperture and prevent the ignition o the film abovethe door.

The light of anv arc lamp, such as is shown at Jin Fig. 9, may be passedthrough a pair of condensers j, j and converged u on asmalldouble-concave lens j-v which is o just suiicient diameter to take inthe full area of one of the pictures upon the film F and of the propercurvature, to render the light substantially arallel uniformlythroughout the field. A iaphragm j having an aperture equal to the sizeof the picture upon the' t filml is inter osed inthe path of theparallel raysl after t ey'leave the lens j and cuts oil' the lightoutside'o'f the rectangle of the picture preventing overlapping of thelight through two pictures.l The condensersj, y' and lens j should.referably form an achromatic system whic should also be corrected forlspherical aberration, but as a fair result can be obtained withuncorrected lenses and corrected systems are wellknown it has beendeemed sufficient to merely indicate the arrangement Ain a more or lessdiagrammatic .mannen I prefer to lace a diaphragm j having an aperture othe area of the picture on the film, between the refracting'bodyA andthe objective lens L in order to intercept anyy re- 'ected or straylight which might otherwise reach the objective.

directed u tance from the lamp and is, by these con-A densers convergedupon a paralleling lens y" within an area sufficiently small to conserveall of the light possible within a rectangle of the size of al pictureon the film.

hatched arrow make up the same and represented Were it practicable toplace a small condenser, say of the size of lthe lens y" close enough tothe lamp to receive the same amount of light received by a largercondenser farther away, such a condenser could be made to producesubstantially parallel light and the lens j could be dispensed with.However, the heat from` the lamp is so great with even half of thecurrent values usually employed that there would be great danger ofbreaking such a small condenser so placed, and the apparatus of Fig. 9is preferred.

Referring to Figs. 5 to 8, which are diagrammatic views of fourpositions which the film and refracting bodies assume, I

`have shown arrows upon the film, each arrow representing one pictureand alternate arrows being hatched to distinguish them froni' theadjacent unhatched arrows. It

will be clearly seen in what manner the parallellight rays pass throughthe refracting bodies in the film, the course of these light .rayslbeing indicated by dotted lines. At the right beyond the refractingbody arrows are shown representing the picture as they are presented tothe objective lens, and it will be seen that in Figs. 5 and 6,though-the film has moved between these positions the picture presentedto the objective lens is by a complete unhatched arrow. In Figs. 7 and8, the light passes through portions of two arrows representing twopictures and it`will be seen that the arrow presented to the objectivelens in this case is made up of the tail of the unhatched arrow and thehead of the succeeding hatched arrow. in Fig. 8 equal parts 'of theunhatched and succeeding the stationary image presented to theprojective lens.

' TWhen it is desired to project pictures in color, where the filmvconsists of a series of pictures, the adjacent pictures of which serieshave been taken through color screens, and, therefore, represent theappropriate distribution of color in the to be Aprojected picture, lprovide alternate faces of the polygonal refractingbody which isinterposed between the condenser system and the film with a colored filme, as shown in Fig. 1l, which may beapplied in any suitable manner sothat a picture' on the film requiring illumination by light of one colorwill receive light of' that color through two opposite sides of therefracting body pro- Vbination Ywith^ a film feed 'the film and meansfor passing 'substantially as, and for vided with a film suitablycolored to prolight of the proper color from another pair of oppositesides of the. refracting body. i/Vh'en but two colorsA are used thecolors are alternated on the faces of the refracting body, but whenthree colors are lused a refracting body havinga number of sides, whichis a multiple of six, must be used.

It is only necessary that one of a air of opposite sides of the olygonalbody e provided with a color fi m, and, therefore, but half of the sidesof one polygonal body need be so colored to produce the desired result.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

l. In moving picture apparatus, the comof two oppositely7 rotating`transparent polygonal refracting bodies each having an even number offaces and disposed upon opposite sides of the film; substantially asdescribed. r

2. ln moving picture apparatus, the combination with a film feed of twooppositely rotating transparent polygonal refracting bodies -each havingan even number of faces and disposed upon opposite sides of a uniformfield of substantially parallel light through one of said bodies, thenthrough the moving film and then through the other of said bod-ies;substantially as described.

3. ln moving picture apparatus, the combination with a unifo-rm field ofparallel light, a moving pictureviilm fed through said field, and apolygonal refracting body rotating in the path of said field of lightthrough which body said light passes before reaching said film;substantially as described.

4. ln moving picture apparatus the combination with a stationary sourceof light, a moving film, means for moving the held of light emanatingfrom the source and ing upon the lm in correspondence with the movementof the lm to maintain a fiXed relation between the film and the lightrays illuminating'it during movement of the film.

5. ln moving picture apparatus, the combination with a film feed, of twooppositely rotating transparent` polygonal refracting bodies, eachhaving an even number of faces and disposed upon opposite sides of thefilm, and means for passing light through one of said bodies, thenthrough the moving film, and then through the other of said bodies, thepurpose set forth.

6. In moving picture apparatus, the combination with a film and a feedtherefor, of a polygonal refracting body mounted to rotate in accordancewith the movement of said film, and means for presenting a moving field'of light to said film in such manner that supplemental parts ofpictures on the film will be illuminated by the same portions of theield of light during the movement of said ilm substantially lasdescribed.

7 In moving picture apparatus, the oombination with a film and a feedtherefor, of a polygonal refracting body mounted t0 rotate in,accordance with 'the movement of said film, and means for translating aieldof substantially parallel light directed upon said film insuchmanner that supplemental parts of pictures on the lm will be illuminatedby the same portions of the field of light during the movement of thefilm substantially as described.

8. In moving picture apparatus, the combination with a film -and a feedtherefor, of a polygonal refracting body mounted torotate in accordancewith the movement of said ilm, and means for deflecting afield of lightthrough said film; substantially as described. 9. In moving pictureapparatus, the combination of a stationary objective lens, a

stationary source of substantially parallel light producing a uniformeld of light directed to said objective lens, a moving picture filmintercepting said field of parallel light, a continuous feed for saidfilm, a transparent polygonal refracting body interposed between saidfilm and said objec- Lasern which and the film the light is passed;substantially as described.

11. In moving picture apparatus, aV moving film, a source of light and apolygonal refracting body disposed between said source the speed of thelm and the diof light and said film' and arranged to r0` tate inaccordance with the movement of said lm, certain peripheral faces ofsaid body being provided with color screens to present colored light tosaid moving film.

. In testimony whereof I. aiix my signature, `in presence of twowitnesses.

MARCUS o.-v HorKrNs;

Witnesses:

J. E. NoEGenRA'rr, Laon W, RosENTHAL.

